Inter-rater reliability of Böhler and Gissane angles in different calcaneal fracture according to the Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classifications

Authors

  • Rui dos Santos Barroco ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil
  • Bruno Rodrigues de Miranda ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-2972
  • Herbert Amantéa Fernandes ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil
  • Gregory Bittar Pessoa ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-9672
  • Danilo Ryuko Cândido Nishikawa Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0227-2440
  • Leticia Zaccaria Prates de Oliveira ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil
  • Álvaro Diego Pupa de Freitas ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-1788
  • Caio Ivo de Almeida ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, SP, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2021.v15.1535

Keywords:

Calcaneus, Intra-articular fractures, Radiology, Reproducibility of results

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the inter-rater reliability and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) of Böhler’s angle and the critical angle of Gissane in calcaneal fractures, stratified by severity and by the Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classifications. Methods: Retrospective study of radiographs obtained from 97 patients: 67 with calcaneal fractures and 30 with normal lateral radiographs (used as a control group). Böhler’s angle and the angle of Gissane were measured by six raters: two orthopedic surgery residents, two musculoskeletal radiologists, a foot and ankle surgery fellow, and a senior consultant in foot surgery. Statistical analysis of inter-rater reliability was performed for the two angles, in the sample overall and stratified by the different radiographic and CT subtypes of calcaneal fractures. Results: For the angle of Gissane, the ICC was at best 0.400 (95% CI: 0.250 to 0.581) for normal radiographs, with poor agreement across all classifications and severity stratifications. For Böhler’s angle, the ICC values indicated weak to moderate agreement, with the best reproducibility obtained for the overall sample (0.740; 95% CI: 0.673 to 0.801). In Sanders type 1 fractures, the ICC was 0.704 (95% CI: 0.397 to 0.940), and in Sanders type 2 fractures, 0.762 (95% CI: 0.634 to 0.870). Conclusion: Böhler’s angle is more reproducible than the critical angle of Gissane, with greater inter-rater reliability among fractures deemed less severe on the Sanders classification, although the overall ICC ranged from weak to moderate at best. Level of Evidence III; Case Control Study; Diagnostic Studies.

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Published

2021-08-31

How to Cite

Barroco, R. dos S. ., Miranda, B. R. de ., Fernandes, H. A. ., Pessoa, G. B. ., Nishikawa, D. R. C. ., Oliveira, L. Z. P. de ., … Almeida, C. I. de . (2021). Inter-rater reliability of Böhler and Gissane angles in different calcaneal fracture according to the Essex-Lopresti and Sanders classifications. Journal of the Foot & Ankle, 15(2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2021.v15.1535